@article{4ca1c2a72be54cbab81dd6d73619c706,
title = "Ten new insights in climate science 2022",
abstract = "Non-technical summary We summarize what we assess as the past year's most important findings within climate change research: limits to adaptation, vulnerability hotspots, new threats coming from the climate-health nexus, climate (im)mobility and security, sustainable practices for land use and finance, losses and damages, inclusive societal climate decisions and ways to overcome structural barriers to accelerate mitigation and limit global warming to below 2°C. Technical summary We synthesize 10 topics within climate research where there have been significant advances or emerging scientific consensus since January 2021. The selection of these insights was based on input from an international open call with broad disciplinary scope. Findings concern: (1) new aspects of soft and hard limits to adaptation; (2) the emergence of regional vulnerability hotspots from climate impacts and human vulnerability; (3) new threats on the climate-health horizon - some involving plants and animals; (4) climate (im)mobility and the need for anticipatory action; (5) security and climate; (6) sustainable land management as a prerequisite to land-based solutions; (7) sustainable finance practices in the private sector and the need for political guidance; (8) the urgent planetary imperative for addressing losses and damages; (9) inclusive societal choices for climate-resilient development and (10) how to overcome barriers to accelerate mitigation and limit global warming to below 2°C. Social media summary Science has evidence on barriers to mitigation and how to overcome them to avoid limits to adaptation across multiple fields.",
keywords = "adaptation and mitigation, climate security, earth systems, ecology and biodiversity, economics, energy, food, gender, human security, policies, politics and governance, water",
author = "Martin, {Maria A.} and Boakye, {Emmanuel A.} and Emily Boyd and Wendy Broadgate and Mercedes Bustamante and Canadell, {Josep G.} and Carr, {Edward R.} and Chu, {Eric K.} and Helen Cleugh and Szilvia Csev{\'a}r and Marwa Daoudy and {De Bremond}, Ariane and Meghnath Dhimal and Ebi, {Kristie L.} and Clea Edwards and Sabine Fuss and Girardin, {Martin P.} and Bruce Glavovic and Sophie Hebden and Marina Hirota and Hsu, {Huang Hsiung} and Saleemul Huq and Karin Ingold and Johannessen, {Ola M.} and Yasuko Kameyama and Nilushi Kumarasinghe and Langendijk, {Gaby S.} and Tabea Lissner and Shuaib Lwasa and Catherine MacHalaba and Aaron Maltais and Mathai, {Manu V.} and Cheikh Mbow and McNamara, {Karen E.} and Aditi Mukherji and Virginia Murray and Jaroslav Mysiak and Chukwumerije Okereke and Daniel Ospina and Friederike Otto and Anjal Prakash and Pulhin, {Juan M.} and Emmanuel Raju and Aaron Redman and Rigaud, {Kanta K.} and Johan Rockstr{\"o}m and Joyashree Roy and Schipper, {E. Lisa F.} and Peter Schlosser and Schulz, {Karsten A.} and Kim Schumacher and Luana Schwarz and Murray Scown and Barbora {\v S}edov{\'a} and Siddiqui, {Tasneem A.} and Chandni Singh and Sioen, {Giles B.} and Detlef Stammer and Steinert, {Norman J.} and Sunhee Suk and Rowan Sutton and Lisa Thalheimer and {Van Aalst}, Maarten and {Van Der Geest}, Kees and Zhao, {Zhirong Jerry}",
year = "2022",
month = nov,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1017/sus.2022.17",
language = "English",
volume = "5",
journal = "Global Sustainability",
issn = "2059-4798",
publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
}
@techreport{23c6bfa9f58644b1b3aa3ab39e9241d9,
title = "Terrorism and child mortality: evidence from Africa",
abstract = "How does terrorism affect child mortality? We use geocoded data on terrorism and highly spatially disaggregated data on child mortality to study the relationship between both variables for 52 African countries between 2000 and 2017 at the 0.5x0.5 degree grid-cell level. A two-way fixed-effects approach indicates that higher levels of terrorist activity correlate with higher levels of child mortality risk. Our estimates suggest that moderate increases in the terrorism index are linked to several thousand additional deaths of children under the age of five per year. Employing instrumental-variable and panel event-study approaches, we also provide causal evidence that terrorism increases the risk of death for children under the age of five. Effect sizes associated with these causal estimates are several times larger than those from the more conservative two-way fixed-effects approach. Finally, interrogating our data, we show that the direct effects of terrorism (e.g., in terms of its lethality and destruction of public health infrastructure) tend to be very small. This, in turn, suggests that increases in child mortality primarily emerge through the behavioral response of economic agents (parents, doctors, medical staff, aid workers and policymakers) to terrorism. Indeed, we provide evidence that higher levels of terrorist activity unfavorably correlate with several proximate causes of child mortality.",
author = "Daniel Meierrieks and Max Schaub",
year = "2022",
month = may,
day = "18",
doi = "10.31235/osf.io/h9bsd",
language = "English",
publisher = "Households in Conflict Network (HiCN)",
type = "WorkingPaper",
institution = "Households in Conflict Network (HiCN)",
}
@article{8bafdde08d3f4d0fb954b02b9608fe1f,
title = "The african tragedy: the effect of democracy on economic growth",
abstract = "We estimate the effect of democracy on economic growth for the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa in comparison with other countries. We find that in contrast to other countries, democracy in Africa benefits neither GDP per capita nor total GDP. We explain the former by changes in the size of the population and the latter by changes in the age structure of the population. Both demographic changes relate to the finding that unlike in other countries, democracy does not reduce child mortality in Africa. The evidence suggests that without improvements in health, democracy puts Africa on a path toward a Malthusian trap.",
keywords = "Ethnic Fractionalization, Institutional Quality, Multicultural Diversity, Monetary Policy, Economic Growth, Exports, Democracy, Institutional Quality, Health, Africa, Economic Growth",
author = "Saeed Khodaverdian",
note = "Anzahl Autoren: 1 |",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/s00181-021-02049-9",
language = "English",
volume = "62",
pages = "1147–1175",
journal = "Empirical Economics",
issn = "0377-7332",
publisher = "Physica-Verlag",
number = "3",
}
@article{ca2ca5a92b3441f3897b640c991f49bd,
title = "The Antenna Base Plays a Crucial Role in Mosquito Courtship Behavior",
abstract = "Mosquitoes are vectors of pathogens that cause diseases like malaria, dengue fever, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika. For mosquito control it is crucial to understand their hearing system, as mosquitoes{\textquoteright} courting behavior is mostly auditory. Many nonlinear characteristics of the mosquito hearing organ have been observed through behavioral studies and neural measurements. These enable mosquitoes to detect and synchronize to other mosquitoes. Many hypotheses concerning the role of the flagellum and the fibrillae of the antenna in mosquito hearing have been made, and neural processes have been considered as the origin of the nonlinearities. In this study we introduce a geometric model based on the morphology of the mosquito antenna base. The model produces many of the observed nonlinear characteristics, providing evidence that the base of the antenna plays a crucial role in mosquito hearing. Even without neural processing, the antenna response to sound produces behaviorally relevant cues that can inform about the presence, location, and sex of other mosquitoes.",
author = "Tim Ziemer",
year = "2022",
month = mar,
day = "18",
doi = "10.3389/fitd.2022.803611",
language = "English",
journal = "Frontiers in Tropical Diseases",
issn = "2673-7515",
publisher = "Frontiers Media",
}
@article{652065d46a2d4a54a8bfd4961c6913bd,
title = "The Cryo-EM structures of two amphibian antimicrobial cross-β amyloid fibrils",
abstract = "The amyloid-antimicrobial link hypothesis is based on antimicrobial properties found in human amyloids involved in neurodegenerative and systemic diseases, along with amyloidal structural properties found in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Supporting this hypothesis, we here determined the fibril structure of two AMPs from amphibians, uperin 3.5 and aurein 3.3, by cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), revealing amyloid cross-β fibrils of mated β-sheets at atomic resolution. Uperin 3.5 formed a 3-blade symmetrical propeller of nine peptides per fibril layer including tight β-sheet interfaces. This cross-β cryo-EM structure complements the cross-α fibril conformation previously determined by crystallography, substantiating a secondary structure switch mechanism of uperin 3.5. The aurein 3.3 arrangement consisted of six peptides per fibril layer, all showing kinked β-sheets allowing a rounded compactness of the fibril. The kinked β-sheets are similar to LARKS (Low-complexity, Amyloid-like, Reversible, Kinked Segments) found in human functional amyloids. {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",
author = "R. B{\"u}cker and C. Seuring and C. Cazey and K. Veith and M. Garc{\'i}a-Alai and K. Gr{\"u}newald and M. Landau",
note = "cited By 1",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.1038/s41467-022-32039-z",
language = "English",
volume = "13",
journal = "Nature Communications",
issn = "2041-1723",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}
@phdthesis{d21df152b5b64e5790e909a21873c22c,
title = "Therapeutische Inhibition der DNA-Schadensantwort in Kopf-Hals-Tumoren zur Verbesserung der strahlentherapeutischen Behandlung ; Inhibiting the DNA damage response in head and neck cancer to improve radiotherapeutic treatment",
abstract = "Der Einsatz ionisierender Strahlung ist wesentlicher Bestandteil der kurativen Therapie solider Tumore. Die letale Wirkung auf Tumorzellen basiert insbesondere auf der Induktion von DNA-Doppelstrangbr{\"u}chen. Dabei ist die Schonung des umliegenden Normalgewebes eine der gr{\"o}{\ss}ten Herausforderungen der Strahlentherapie und h{\"a}ufig kommt es zu starken, teilweise irreversiblen Nebenwirkungen. Oft wird die Bestrahlung zudem noch mit einer Chemotherapie kombiniert, was die Toxizit{\"a}t der Behandlung weiter erh{\"o}ht. Daher ist die Suche nach alternativen zielgerichteten Therapien das Thema aktueller Forschung in der Radioonkologie. Plattenepithelkarzinome des Kopf- und Hals-Bereiches (Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, HNSCC) sind eine genetisch komplexe, heterogene Gruppe b{\"o}sartiger Erkrankungen und weltweit die siebth{\"a}ufigste Krebsart. Neben jahrelangem starken Tabak- und Alkoholkonsum ist die Infektion mit Hochrisikost{\"a}mmen des Humanen Papillomvirus (HPV) ein weiterer wichtiger onkogener Faktor. Die Strahlentherapie ist auch bei der Behandlung von HNSCC ein zentrales Element der multimodalen Therapie. Aufgrund der im Kopf-Hals-Bereich vorhanden Risikoorgane wie z. B. der Speicheldr{\"u}sen und Schluckmuskulatur, stellt die Bestrahlungsplanung jedoch eine besondere Herausforderung dar und Patient:innen mit Tumoren im Kopf-Hals-Bereich leiden h{\"a}ufig lebenslang unter den irreversiblen Nebenwirkungen der Bestrahlung. Bez{\"u}glich des Ansprechens auf die Strahlentherapie haben sich HPV-positive Tumore als besonders empfindlich erwiesen und diese Patient:innen besitzen eine dementsprechend gute Prognose. Die Mechanismen hinter der erh{\"o}hten Strahlenempfindlichkeit sind noch nicht vollst{\"a}ndig gekl{\"a}rt, allerdings wurde f{\"u}r HPV-positive Tumore bereits auf zellul{\"a}rer Ebene eine erh{\"o}hte Strahlenempfindlichkeit, basierend auf einem Defekt in der Doppelstrangbruchreparatur, nachgewiesen. W{\"a}hrend das wichtigste Ziel f{\"u}r Patient:innen mit HPV-positiven HNSCC eine sichere Deintensivierung der Behandlung ist, besteht das Ziel f{\"u}r Patient:innen ...",
author = "Agnes Oetting",
year = "2022",
language = "Deutsch",
school = "Universit{\"a}t Hamburg",
}
@phdthesis{75131c0ee734471b9f61336c85f1a43b,
title = "The role of T cells expressing multiple co-inhibitory molecules during murine experimental malaria ; Die Rolle von Ko-Inhibitor-exprimierenden T Zellen w{\"a}hrend der murinen experimentellen Malaria",
abstract = "Malaria ist einer der t{\"o}dlichsten Infektionskrankheiten weltweit und f{\"u}hrt j{\"a}hrlich zu {\"u}ber einer halben Millionen Todesopfern. Die Krankheit wird durch einen Parasiten der Gattung Plasmodium verursacht, der {\"u}ber den Biss einer infizierten Anopheles M{\"u}cke {\"u}bertragen wird. Der Parasit durchgeht die Leber und die Blutphase, wovon die letztere verantwortlich f{\"u}r den Gro{\ss}teil der Symptomatik ist. Die schwerste Komplikation ist die zerebrale Malaria, welche oft zum Tod f{\"u}hren kann. Der exakte Mechanismus der zerebralen Malaria im Menschen ist noch nicht bekannt, aber Daten deuten auf starke {\"A}hnlichkeiten zum Mausmodell der zerebralen Malaria, der Infektion von C57BL/6 M{\"a}usen mit Plasmodium berghei ANKA, hin, in dem CD8+ T Zellen als Hauptverursacher der zerebralen Malaria identifiziert wurden. T Zellen haben eine Reihe an Funktionen, und bestimmte T Zellen k{\"o}nnen durch Suppression der Proliferation anderer Immunzellen, unter anderem anderer T Zellen, die Immunantwort regulieren. Ein Mechanismus, um die Immunantwort zu regulieren, bzw. um T Zell Aktivit{\"a}t w{\"a}hrend einer anhaltenden Antigen-exposition zu supprimieren, ist die Expression mehrerer ko-inhibitorischer Molek{\"u}le wie PD-1 oder LAG-3 auf der T Zelle. Sobald die entsprechenden Liganden diese ko-Inhibitoren auf der T Zellen binden, werden inhibitorische Kaskaden innerhalb der T Zelle in die Wege geleitet, sodass sie in einen dysfunktionalen Zustand verf{\"a}llt. Diesen Zustand nennt man T Zell exhaustion („T Zell Ersch{\"o}pfung“). T Zell Ersch{\"o}pfung kann ein sch{\"u}tzender Mechanismus sein, der eine {\"u}berw{\"a}ltigende Immunpathologie verhindert soll, jedoch kann der Mechanismus auch als ein Mittel zur Immune evasion („Immunflucht“) von Tumorzellen und virusinfizierten Zellen genutzt werden. Allerdings ist es inzwischen m{\"o}glich, durch antik{\"o}rper-vermittelte Blockade der ko-inhibitorischen Molek{\"u}le die Funktion der Zellen wieder herzustellen, was zu erheblichen Fortschritten in der Krebstherapie gef{\"u}hrt hat. Interessanterweise wurde Expression von ko-inhibitorischen Molek{\"u}len ...",
author = "Johannes Brandi",
year = "2022",
language = "English",
school = "University of Hamburg",
}
@techreport{341ed18d43aa4b58953b58a31c01fd4b,
title = "Toward a global universal basic income for children",
abstract = "Our policy brief directly addresses Germany{\textquoteright}s G-7 priority of tackling issues of “particular global urgency …. to achieve tangible improvements for the people – within G7 countries and beyond, especially in newly industrialising and developing countries” by proposing a global basic income for all children. Even before COVID-19 hit, children were globally twice as likely as adults to live in extreme poverty, with long-term consequences for their life chances. During the past two years, the economic fall-out from the pandemic as well as school closures have further disproportionately hit children. Global shocks, whether pandemics or extreme weather conditions linked to climate change, are likely to only become more common, with negative shocks to our economies and social fabric, and ensuing humanitarian and migratory crises. We call for the establishment of a global universal basic income for all families with children, targeted preferentially via mothers, to ensure access to basic needs. This technically and fiscally feasible measure will have far-reaching benefits in the wellbeing and human capital of the next generation, directly addressing the G-7 policy priorities #2 (economic stability and transformation), #3 (healthy lives) and #5 (stronger together), and indirectly addressing priorities #1 (a sustainable planet) and #4 (investment in a better future). Furthermore, it will set a historical symbolic landmark: the beginning of a true sense of global citizenship where every child born will have his/her most basic needs ensured.",
author = "Merike Blofield and Jorge Cuartas and Fernando Filgueira and {Mart{\'i}nez Franzoni}, Juliana and Diego S{\'a}nchez-Ancochea",
year = "2022",
month = may,
day = "4",
language = "English",
publisher = "Global Solutions - The World Policy Forum",
type = "WorkingPaper",
institution = "Global Solutions - The World Policy Forum",
}
@article{03e31bdaf96a4dd6a28ad843c6a9f5cf,
title = "Towards future directions in data-integrative supervised prediction of human aging-related genes",
abstract = "Motivation: Identification of human genes involved in the aging process is critical due to the incidence of many diseases with age. A state-of-The-Art approach for this purpose infers a weighted dynamic aging-specific subnetwork by mapping gene expression (GE) levels at different ages onto the protein-protein interaction network (PPIN). Then, it analyzes this subnetwork in a supervised manner by training a predictive model to learn how network topologies of known aging-versus non-Aging-related genes change across ages. Finally, it uses the trained model to predict novel aging-related gene candidates. However, the best current subnetwork resulting from this approach still yields suboptimal prediction accuracy. This could be because it was inferred using outdated GE and PPIN data. Here, we evaluate whether analyzing a weighted dynamic aging-specific subnetwork inferred from newer GE and PPIN data improves prediction accuracy upon analyzing the best current subnetwork inferred from outdated data. Results: Unexpectedly, we find that not to be the case. To understand this, we perform aging-related pathway and Gene Ontology term enrichment analyses. We find that the suboptimal prediction accuracy, regardless of which GE or PPIN data is used, may be caused by the current knowledge about which genes are aging-related being incomplete, or by the current methods for inferring or analyzing an aging-specific subnetwork being unable to capture all of the aging-related knowledge. These findings can potentially guide future directions towards improving supervised prediction of aging-related genes via-omics data integration.",
author = "Qi Li and Khalique Newaz and Tijana Milenkovi{\'c}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press.",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.1093/bioadv/vbac081",
language = "English",
volume = "2",
journal = "Bioinformatics Advances",
issn = "2635-0041",
publisher = "Oxford University Press",
number = "1",
}
@article{ffd5cd847949432e8c825285afc00ce5,
title = "Towards the new Thematic Core Service Tsunami within the EPOS Research Infrastructure",
abstract = "Tsunamis constitute a significant hazard for European coastal populations, and the impact of tsunami events worldwide can extend well beyond the coastal regions directly affected. Understanding the complex mechanisms of tsunami generation, propagation, and inundation, as well as managing the tsunami risk, requires multidisciplinary research and infrastructures that cross national boundaries. Recent decades have seen both great advances in tsunami science and consolidation of the European tsunami research community. A recurring theme has been the need for a sustainable platform for coordinated tsunami community activities and a hub for tsunami services. Following about three years of preparation, in July 2021, the European tsunami community attained the status of Candidate Thematic Core Service (cTCS) within the European Plate Observing System (EPOS) Research Infrastructure. Within a transition period of three years, the Tsunami candidate TCS is anticipated to develop into a fully operational EPOS TCS. We here outline the path taken to reach this point, and the envisaged form of the future EPOS TCS Tsunami. Our cTCS is planned to be organised within four thematic pillars: (1) Support to Tsunami Service Providers, (2) Tsunami Data, (3) Numerical Models, and (4) Hazard and Risk Products. We outline how identified needs in tsunami science and tsunami risk mitigation will be addressed within this structure and how participation within EPOS will become an integration point for community development.",
keywords = "Tsunami, Infrastructures",
author = "Andrey Babeyko and Stefano Lorito and Francisco Hernandez and J{\"o}rn Lauterjung and Finn L{\o}vholt and Alexander Rudloff and Mathilde S{\o}rensen and Alexey Androsov and Inigo Aniel-Quiroga and Alberto Armigliato and Baptista, {Maria Ana} and Enrico Baglione and J{\"o}rn Behrens and Beatriz Brizuela and Sergio Bruni and Didem Cambaz and {Cantavella Nadal}, Juan and Fernando Carillho and Ian Chandler and Denis Chang-Seng and Marinos Charalampakis and Lorenzo Cugliari and Clea Denamiel and Doğan, {G{\"o}zde G{\"u}ney} and Gaetano Festa and David Fuhrman and Alice-Agnes Gabriel and Pauline Galea and Steven Gibbons and Mauricio Gonz{\'a}lez and Laura Graziani and Marc-Andr{\'e} Gutscher and Sven Harig and Helene Hebert and Constantin Ionescu and Fatemeh Jalayer and Nikos Kalligeris and Utku K{\^a}noğlu and Piero Lanucara and {Macias S{\'a}nchez}, Jorge and Shane Murphy and {\"O}cal Necmioğlu and Rachid Omira and Gerassimos Papadopoulos and Rapha{\"e}l Paris and Fabrizio Romano and Tiziana Rossetto and Jacopo Selva and Antonio Scala and Roberto Tonini and Konstantinos Trevlopoulos and Ioanna Triantafyllou and Roger Urgeles and Roberto Vallone and Ivica Vilibi{\'c} and Manuela Volpe and Ahmet Yalciner",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
day = "29",
doi = "10.4401/ag-8762",
language = "English",
volume = "65",
journal = "Annals of Geophysics",
issn = "1593-5213",
publisher = "Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia",
number = "2",
}
